全文获取类型
收费全文 | 407154篇 |
免费 | 38271篇 |
国内免费 | 20855篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 42709篇 |
技术理论 | 47篇 |
综合类 | 47576篇 |
化学工业 | 39121篇 |
金属工艺 | 17998篇 |
机械仪表 | 28405篇 |
建筑科学 | 51579篇 |
矿业工程 | 18079篇 |
能源动力 | 12559篇 |
轻工业 | 18637篇 |
水利工程 | 13573篇 |
石油天然气 | 15171篇 |
武器工业 | 5126篇 |
无线电 | 34579篇 |
一般工业技术 | 29083篇 |
冶金工业 | 16965篇 |
原子能技术 | 3730篇 |
自动化技术 | 71343篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 634篇 |
2023年 | 4325篇 |
2022年 | 8462篇 |
2021年 | 11610篇 |
2020年 | 10429篇 |
2019年 | 8306篇 |
2018年 | 8047篇 |
2017年 | 10972篇 |
2016年 | 13452篇 |
2015年 | 15508篇 |
2014年 | 27194篇 |
2013年 | 22704篇 |
2012年 | 28913篇 |
2011年 | 30450篇 |
2010年 | 23501篇 |
2009年 | 24443篇 |
2008年 | 23635篇 |
2007年 | 30551篇 |
2006年 | 28161篇 |
2005年 | 24750篇 |
2004年 | 19856篇 |
2003年 | 17751篇 |
2002年 | 13720篇 |
2001年 | 11253篇 |
2000年 | 9260篇 |
1999年 | 7530篇 |
1998年 | 5479篇 |
1997年 | 4499篇 |
1996年 | 3974篇 |
1995年 | 3420篇 |
1994年 | 2991篇 |
1993年 | 2007篇 |
1992年 | 1750篇 |
1991年 | 1296篇 |
1990年 | 1124篇 |
1989年 | 911篇 |
1988年 | 671篇 |
1987年 | 394篇 |
1986年 | 290篇 |
1985年 | 279篇 |
1984年 | 257篇 |
1983年 | 207篇 |
1982年 | 187篇 |
1981年 | 153篇 |
1980年 | 172篇 |
1979年 | 91篇 |
1978年 | 61篇 |
1977年 | 49篇 |
1962年 | 74篇 |
1959年 | 52篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 49 毫秒
81.
82.
83.
本文以“电路分析”课程为例,借助云班课平台,采用“SPOC”与“BOPPPS”相结合的混合式教学模式,开展探究式、个性化、参与式教学。形成了“学生中心,产出导向,持续改进”闭环。经过近年来的不断改进,课程建设已初步完成。通过对三届学生的教学实践,发现采用“SPOC+BOPPPS”的线上线下混合式教学模式,学生学习积极性、主动性明显增强,同时学习效果也得到了显著提升。 相似文献
84.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(21):29598-29606
A hybrid nanocomposite comprising nanosized ZrO2 and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP)-reinforced Cu matrix was synthesised via powder metallurgy. The influence of sintering temperature and GNP content on the electrical and mechanical behaviour of the Cu–ZrO2/GNP nanocomposite was investigated. The ZrO2 concentration was fixed at 10% for all the composites. Upon increasing the GNP concentration up to 0.5%, a significant improvement was observed in the compressive strength, microhardness, and electrical conductivity of the composite. Furthermore, the properties were significantly improved by increasing the sintering temperature from 900 to 1000 °C. The compressive strength, hardness, and electrical conductivity of Cu–10%ZrO2/0.5%GNP were higher than those of the Cu–ZrO2 nanocomposite by 60, 21, and 23.8%, respectively. This improvement in the mechanical properties is because of the decrease in the crystallite size and dislocation spacing, which increases the dislocation density, thereby increasing the impedance towards dislocation movement. The lower stacking fault energy of the hybrid nanocomposites enables easier electron transfer within and between the Cu grains, resulting in an improved electrical conductivity. The enhancement in strength and electrical conductivity were aided by the GNPs and ZrO2 nanoparticles that were dispersed widely in the Cu matrix. 相似文献
85.
Constantin Tnase Lucia Pintilie Raluca Elena Tnase 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
In the total stereo-controlled synthesis of natural prostaglandins (PGs) and their structural analogs, a vast class of compounds and drugs, known as the lactones, are encountered in a few key steps to build the final molecule, as: δ-lactones, γ-lactones, and 1,9-, 1,11-, and 1,15-macrolactones. After the synthesis of 1,9-PGF2α and 1,15-PGF2α lactones, many 1,15-lactones of E2, E3, F2, F3, A2, and A3 were found in the marine mollusc Tethys fimbria and the quest for understanding their biological role stimulated the research on their synthesis. Then 1,9-, 1,11-, and 1,15-PG lactones of the drugs were synthesized as an alternative to the corresponding esters, and the first part of the paper describes the methods used for their synthesis. The efficient Corey procedure for the synthesis of prostaglandins uses the key δ-lactone and γ-lactone intermediates with three or four stereocenters on the cyclopentane fragment to link the PG side chains. The paper describes the most used procedures for the synthesis of the milestone δ-Corey-lactones and γ-Corey-lactones, their improvements, and some new promising methods, such as interesting, new stereo-controlled and catalyzed enantioselective reactions, and methods based on the chemical/enzymatic resolution of the compounds in different steps of the sequences. The many uses of δ-lactones not only for the synthesis of γ-lactones, but also for obtaining 9β-halogen-PGs and halogen-substituted cyclopentane intermediates, as synthons for new 9β-PG analogs and future applications, are also discussed. 相似文献
86.
Eugene Metakovsky Laura Pascual Patrizia Vaccino Viktor Melnik Marta Rodriguez-Quijano Yulia Popovych Sabina Chebotar William John Rogers 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(4)
The Gli-B1-encoded γ-gliadins and non-coding γ-gliadin DNA sequences for 15 different alleles of common wheat have been compared using seven tests: electrophoretic mobility (EM) and molecular weight (MW) of the encoded major γ-gliadin, restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns (RFLPs) (three different markers), Gli-B1-γ-gliadin-pseudogene known SNP markers (Single nucleotide polymorphisms) and sequencing the pseudogene GAG56B. It was discovered that encoded γ-gliadins, with contrasting EM, had similar MWs. However, seven allelic variants (designated from I to VII) differed among them in the other six tests: I (alleles Gli-B1i, k, m, o), II (Gli-B1n, q, s), III (Gli-B1b), IV (Gli-B1e, f, g), V (Gli-B1h), VI (Gli-B1d) and VII (Gli-B1a). Allele Gli-B1c (variant VIII) was identical to the alleles from group IV in four of the tests. Some tests might show a fine difference between alleles belonging to the same variant. Our results attest in favor of the independent origin of at least seven variants at the Gli-B1 locus that might originate from deeply diverged genotypes of the donor(s) of the B genome in hexaploid wheat and therefore might be called “heteroallelic”. The donor’s particularities at the Gli-B1 locus might be conserved since that time and decisively contribute to the current high genetic diversity of common wheat. 相似文献
87.
This article presents the construction and consumption of hyperjerk system having chaotic nature with the commensurate ordered fractional derivative on rapidly digitalized emerging technologies. The system analyzed analytically using Lipschitz condition and numerically with the help of predictor corrector approaches. Originality of constructed system is confirmed using log error plots which gives satisfactory small values on finite time scale. The dynamical performances of the complex system are termed in multiple phase planes by the mean of their significant nature. Stability and bifurcation analysis around the fractional derivative is also studies for the various parameter of system to check the visibility of chaotic solution. The system is also designed in analog circuit simulator with the aid of operational amplifier, anti-parallel semiconductor diodes for validation of the system. With the help of random number generators (RNGs), binary array generated from the hyperjerk system and plugged in to the NIST 800–22 test suite to measure the randomness. The array having high randomness is used as strong cypher key for the cryptographic execution straightforwardly in both direction encryption and decryption. 相似文献
88.
Jinchen Wei Lilai Jiang Menglin Huang Yuning Wu Shiyou Chen 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(42):2104913
It is believed that promoting the fraction of ferroelectric orthorhombic phase (o-phase) through O-poor growth conditions can increase the spontaneous polarization of HfO2 and (Hf,Zr)O2 thin films. However, the first-principles calculations show that the growth may be limited by the easy formation of point defects in the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases of HfO2, ZrO2, and (Hf,Zr)O2. Their dominant defects, O interstitial (Oi) under O-rich conditions and O vacancy (VO) under O-poor condition, have low formation energies and quite high density (1016–1019 cm−3 for 800–1400 K growth temperature). Especially, Oi has negative formation energy in tetragonal HfO2 under O-rich condition, causing non-stoichiometry and limiting the crystalline-seed formation during o-phase growth. High-density defects can cause disordering of dipole moments and increase leakage current, both diminishing the polarization. These results explain the experimental puzzle that the measured polarization is much lower than the ideal value even in O-poor thin films and highlight that controlling defects is as important as promoting the o-phase fraction for enhancing ferroelectricity. The O-intermediate condition (average of O-rich and O-poor conditions) and low growth temperature are proposed for fabricating HfO2 and (Hf,Zr)O2 with fewer defects, lower leakage current, and stronger ferroelectricity, which challenges the belief that O-poor condition is optimal. 相似文献
89.
Reliable joints of Ti3SiC2 ceramic and TC11 alloy were diffusion bonded with a 50 μm thick Cu interlayer. The typical interfacial structure of the diffusion boned joint, which was dependent on the interdiffusion and chemical reactions between Al, Si and Ti atoms from the base materials and Cu interlayer, was TC11/α-Ti + β-Ti + Ti2Cu + TiCu/Ti5Si4 + TiSiCu/Cu(s, s)/Ti3SiC2. The influence of bonding temperature and time on the interfacial structure and mechanical properties of Ti3SiC2/Cu/TC11 joint was analyzed. With the increase of bonding temperature and time, the joint shear strength was gradually increased due to enhanced atomic diffusion. However, the thickness of Ti5Si4 and TiSiCu layers with high microhardness increased for a long holding time, resulting in the reduction of bonding strength. The maximum shear strength of 251 ± 6 MPa was obtained for the joint diffusion bonded at 850 °C for 60 min, and fracture primarily occurred at the diffusion layer adjacent to the Ti3SiC2 substrate. This work provided an economical and convenient solution for broadening the engineering application of Ti3SiC2 ceramic. 相似文献
90.
Chaozhong Sun Xiaoying Guo Rui Ji Changzheng Hu Laijun Liu Liang Fang Zhenxiang Cheng Nengneng Luo 《Ceramics International》2021,47(4):5038-5043
The triboelectric effect has recently demonstrated its great potential in environmental remediation and even new energy applications for triggering a number of catalytic reactions by utilizing trivial mechanical energy. In this study, Ba4Nd2Fe2Nb8O30 (BNFN) submicron powders were used to degrade organic dyes via the tribocatalytic effect. Under the frictional excitation of three PTFE stirring rods in a 5 mg/L RhB dye solution, BNFN demonstrates a high tribocatalytic degradation efficiency of 97% in 2 h. Hydroxyl radicals (?OH) and superoxide radicals (?O2-) were also detected during the catalysis process, which proves that triboelectric energy stimulates BNFN to generate electron-hole pairs. The tribocatalysis of tungsten bronze BNFN submicron powders provides a novel and efficient method for the degradation of wastewater dye by utilizing trivial mechanical energy. 相似文献